India
How is ethanol used in Sustainable Aviation Fuel?
✦ AI Brief
The Indian government has designated ethanol as a sustainable option for making Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF). Aviation has struggled to reduce emissions due to limitations in using batteries or hydrogen at commercial scale. To be usable in jet engines, ethanol must undergo a process called alcohol-to-jet (ATJ), which involves dehydration, lengthening of hydrocarbon chains, and hydrogenation.